英语三级阅读理解
发布时间：2021-12-17 浏览：次内容提要：The political career of Cicero
The political career of Cicero, a great Roman s
The political career of Cicero
The political career of Cicero, a great Roman statesman and the most well-known speech maker of his time, was a remarkable one. At the time, high political offices in Rome, though technically achieved by winning elections, were almost exclusively controlled by a group of wealthy noble families that held them for many generations. Cicero’s family, though noble, was not one of them, nor did it have great wealth. But Cicero had a great deal of political ambition; at a very young age he chose as his basic belief the same as Achilles was said to have had: to always be the best and overtop the rest. Lacking the advantage of a proper family origin, there were especially only two career options open to them. One was a military career, since military success was thought to result from exceptional personal qualities and could lead to popularity and therefore political opportunity as was the case much later for American presidents Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Cicero, however, was no soldier. He hated war, and served in the military only very briefly as a young man.
Instead, Cicero chose a career in the law. To prepare for this career, he studied law, rhetoric, and philosophy. When he felt he was ready, he began taking part in legal cases. A career in the law could lead to political success for several reasons, all of which are still relevant today. First, a lawyer would gain a great deal of experience in making speeches. Second, he could also gain exposure and popularity from cases. Finally, a successful lawyer would build up a network of political connections, which is important now but was even more important in Cicero’s time, when political competition was not conducted along party lines or on the basis of doctrine, but instead was based on loose, shifting networks of personal friendships and commitments. Cicero proved to be an excellent speech-maker and lawyer, and an outstanding politician. He was elected to each of the principal Rome offices on his first try and at the earliest age at which he was legally allowed to run for them.
1. Cicero was elected to the principal offices when______.
A. he got support from his friends
B. he began his career as a lawyer
C. he was committed to social services
D. he was just old enough to run for them
参考答案：D
参考解析：由 “He was elected to each of the principal Rome offices on his first try and at the earliest age （最低年龄）at which he was legally allowed to run for them.”答案为D。
2. Unlike Cicero, Ulysses Grant attained his political position due to ______.
A. his strong beliefs
B. his personal relations
C. his military achievements
D. his powerful speeches
参考答案：C
参考解析：由 “One was a military career（军事生涯）, since military success （军事上的成功）was thought to result from exceptional personal qualities and could lead to popularity and therefore political opportunity as was the case much later for American presidents Ulysses S. Grant”可知，答案为C。
3. To win an important office in Cicero’s time, a candidate should______.
A. be born of a wealthy family
B. possess political experience
C. launch a national campaign
D. convince the general public
参考答案：A
参考解析：由 “At the time, high political offices in Rome, though technically achieved by winning elections, were almost exclusively controlled by a group of wealthy noble families（排外性地被富裕的贵族家庭所掌控） that held them for many generations.” 可知，答案为A。
4. A Roman politician’s career prospects were strongly influenced by ______.
A. their party’s support
B. their social connections
C. their political doctrine
D. their public popularity
参考答案：B
参考解析：由 “Finally, a successful lawyer would build up a network of political connections, which is important now but was even more important in Cicero’s time, when political competition was not conducted along party lines or on the basis of doctrine, but instead was based on loose, shifting networks of personal friendships and commitments（相反，则是基于自由的、变化的个人友谊和承诺）.”可知，答案为B。
5. Cicero came from a family with ______.
A. great wealth
B. remarkable fame
C. political ambition
D. noble background
参考答案：D
参考解析：由 “Cicero’s family, though noble（尽管高贵）, was not one of them, nor did it have great wealth.” 可知，答案为D。
参考译文：
伟大的罗马政治家Cicero的政治生涯是他那个时代最著名的演讲家。当时，罗马的高级政治办公室虽然在技术上是通过赢得选举而获得的，但几乎完全是由一群富裕的贵族家庭控制的。Cicero的家族虽然高贵，但并不是其中之一，也没有巨大的财富。但是Cicero有着很大的政治野心；在很小的时候，他就选择了和阿基里斯一样的基本信念：永远是最好的，超越其他的。由于缺乏合适的家庭来源，特别是他们只有两种职业选择。其中一个是军事生涯，因为军事成功被认为是由于非凡的个人品质而导致的，因此，美国总统Ulysses S. Grant和Dwight D. Eisenhower的情况更是如此。然而，Cicero不是士兵。他憎恨战争，只在青年时期服役。
相反，Cicero选择了法律职业。为了准备这个职业，他学习了法律、修辞学和哲学。当他感觉到他准备好了，他开始参与法律案件。在法律上的职业生涯可以导致政治成功的原因有很多，所有这些都与今天有关。首先，律师会在演讲中获得大量的经验。其次，他也可以从案例中获得曝光率和受欢迎程度。最后，一个成功的律师将建立一个政治联系网络，这是重要的，但在Cicero时代更重要的是，当政治竞争不是沿着政党路线或根据教义进行的，而是基于松散、变化的网络。友谊和承诺。Cicero被证明是一位优秀的演讲家和律师，也是一位杰出的政治家。在他第一次尝试的时候，他被选到了每个主要的罗马办事处，在最早的年龄，他在法律上被允许为他们竞选。
The political career of Cicero, a great Roman statesman and the most well-known speech maker of his time, was a remarkable one. At the time, high political offices in Rome, though technically achieved by winning elections, were almost exclusively controlled by a group of wealthy noble families that held them for many generations. Cicero’s family, though noble, was not one of them, nor did it have great wealth. But Cicero had a great deal of political ambition; at a very young age he chose as his basic belief the same as Achilles was said to have had: to always be the best and overtop the rest. Lacking the advantage of a proper family origin, there were especially only two career options open to them. One was a military career, since military success was thought to result from exceptional personal qualities and could lead to popularity and therefore political opportunity as was the case much later for American presidents Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Cicero, however, was no soldier. He hated war, and served in the military only very briefly as a young man.
Instead, Cicero chose a career in the law. To prepare for this career, he studied law, rhetoric, and philosophy. When he felt he was ready, he began taking part in legal cases. A career in the law could lead to political success for several reasons, all of which are still relevant today. First, a lawyer would gain a great deal of experience in making speeches. Second, he could also gain exposure and popularity from cases. Finally, a successful lawyer would build up a network of political connections, which is important now but was even more important in Cicero’s time, when political competition was not conducted along party lines or on the basis of doctrine, but instead was based on loose, shifting networks of personal friendships and commitments. Cicero proved to be an excellent speech-maker and lawyer, and an outstanding politician. He was elected to each of the principal Rome offices on his first try and at the earliest age at which he was legally allowed to run for them.
1. Cicero was elected to the principal offices when______.
A. he got support from his friends
B. he began his career as a lawyer
C. he was committed to social services
D. he was just old enough to run for them
参考答案：D
参考解析：由 “He was elected to each of the principal Rome offices on his first try and at the earliest age （最低年龄）at which he was legally allowed to run for them.”答案为D。
2. Unlike Cicero, Ulysses Grant attained his political position due to ______.
A. his strong beliefs
B. his personal relations
C. his military achievements
D. his powerful speeches
参考答案：C
参考解析：由 “One was a military career（军事生涯）, since military success （军事上的成功）was thought to result from exceptional personal qualities and could lead to popularity and therefore political opportunity as was the case much later for American presidents Ulysses S. Grant”可知，答案为C。
3. To win an important office in Cicero’s time, a candidate should______.
A. be born of a wealthy family
B. possess political experience
C. launch a national campaign
D. convince the general public
参考答案：A
参考解析：由 “At the time, high political offices in Rome, though technically achieved by winning elections, were almost exclusively controlled by a group of wealthy noble families（排外性地被富裕的贵族家庭所掌控） that held them for many generations.” 可知，答案为A。
4. A Roman politician’s career prospects were strongly influenced by ______.
A. their party’s support
B. their social connections
C. their political doctrine
D. their public popularity
参考答案：B
参考解析：由 “Finally, a successful lawyer would build up a network of political connections, which is important now but was even more important in Cicero’s time, when political competition was not conducted along party lines or on the basis of doctrine, but instead was based on loose, shifting networks of personal friendships and commitments（相反，则是基于自由的、变化的个人友谊和承诺）.”可知，答案为B。
5. Cicero came from a family with ______.
A. great wealth
B. remarkable fame
C. political ambition
D. noble background
参考答案：D
参考解析：由 “Cicero’s family, though noble（尽管高贵）, was not one of them, nor did it have great wealth.” 可知，答案为D。
参考译文：
伟大的罗马政治家Cicero的政治生涯是他那个时代最著名的演讲家。当时，罗马的高级政治办公室虽然在技术上是通过赢得选举而获得的，但几乎完全是由一群富裕的贵族家庭控制的。Cicero的家族虽然高贵，但并不是其中之一，也没有巨大的财富。但是Cicero有着很大的政治野心；在很小的时候，他就选择了和阿基里斯一样的基本信念：永远是最好的，超越其他的。由于缺乏合适的家庭来源，特别是他们只有两种职业选择。其中一个是军事生涯，因为军事成功被认为是由于非凡的个人品质而导致的，因此，美国总统Ulysses S. Grant和Dwight D. Eisenhower的情况更是如此。然而，Cicero不是士兵。他憎恨战争，只在青年时期服役。
相反，Cicero选择了法律职业。为了准备这个职业，他学习了法律、修辞学和哲学。当他感觉到他准备好了，他开始参与法律案件。在法律上的职业生涯可以导致政治成功的原因有很多，所有这些都与今天有关。首先，律师会在演讲中获得大量的经验。其次，他也可以从案例中获得曝光率和受欢迎程度。最后，一个成功的律师将建立一个政治联系网络，这是重要的，但在Cicero时代更重要的是，当政治竞争不是沿着政党路线或根据教义进行的，而是基于松散、变化的网络。友谊和承诺。Cicero被证明是一位优秀的演讲家和律师，也是一位杰出的政治家。在他第一次尝试的时候，他被选到了每个主要的罗马办事处，在最早的年龄，他在法律上被允许为他们竞选。
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