三级写作方法

三级作文侧重考察英语语言表达基本功，而不是信息的组织，要求作文符合3C标准, clean, clear, correct，不特别强调贴切漂亮。

写作训练，重点放在语言基本工上。

名词的数(单数，复数)，动词的主谓一致，时态、被动语态，连词，

连接副词用法训练，学会连接手段

I. 常见的开篇方法：

主题句法

引语法

定义法

数字统计法

提问法

惊语法

背景法

逸事法

1.       Topic Sentence:

e.g. There can be little doubt that the Internet has many advantages. To begin with, the Internet ….  (The Internet)

e.g The News Report has always been my favorite TV program. (My Favorite Program)

e.g. Cheating at examinations is becoming a serious problem on any university campuses. It has some bad effects on students’ academic performance as well as their morality.       (Cheating at Examinations)

开头主题句常用句型和词组

1. With the development /improvement /rise /growth of…., we learn / see /find that….

2. With the rapid/ amazing/ marked development / growth of economy, … has become increasingly …

3. Some people believe /think /hold /claim that…, while others say/ …

4. Now people in growing /increasing numbers are beginning /coming to realize / recognize / understand / accept that…

5.     As far as… is concerned,….

When it comes to …,

6. One of the pressing / urgent problems / questions facing /confronting our nation /society /world today is…

7. There is a general debate /discussion / argument concerning / on / about/ over the problem of….

8．Recently the rise in the /phenomenon of / problem of … has drawn /aroused considerable / world-wide attention /concern.

2. Quotation:

e.g. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” Perhaps this is the best advice on how to read, given by Francis Bacon.                      (How to Read)

e.g. As the proverb says, “he that lives with cripples learns to limp.” Hard-wording students, when affected by lazy and pleasure-seeking friends will become negligent of their studies.  (On the Influence of the Growth of a Youth” ) 参考三级作文常用名言

引用常见句型

A proverb says…

As the old saying goes,

There is no doubt that

As is known to all,…

3. Definition:

 e.g. By sense of responsibility, we mean the realization of one’s task.  (On Sense of Responsibility)

4. Figures and Statistics

Look at your watch for just one minute, during that time, the populations in the world increased by 85 people. Perhaps you think that isn’t too many. In the next hour, more than 5,000 additional people will be living on this planet.       (On Population Growth)

5. Rhetorical Question:

e.g. In recent years, college students find it difficult to hunt a job. It sounds very strange for they have received advanced education. They are intelligent and knowledgeable. They are eager to learn and to do their best for society. But how comes college students have difficulty in finding jobs? 

II.                 常见的结尾方法

总结法

建议法

诘问法

展望法

1.       总结法：用几句话总结，重申文章的主题，传送一些特定的具体信息。

总结法常用句型和词组:

All things considered

In summary,

In conclusion

In short,

In brief…

In a word,

To sum up…

It can be concluded that…

e.g. In conclusion, I believe that the opportunities are abundant in our society and everyone is equal for them. We can acquire them only if we are prepared and qualified. Just as a proverb says “opportunities are only for the prepared minds.”                   (OnOpportunity)

2.建议法

e.g .So if birth control must come by2430 A.D. at the very latest, …let it come now while there is still open land and space.  (Population Growth)

3. 诘问法

e.g Personally, I firmly believe that women should be given the same rights as men, because they are equally important in all human activities. Our human society would definitely have stopped to exist without either of the sex. Is there any reason that men and women should be treated differently?

8.     展望法

e.g. …Thus fast food restaurants will eventually be a thing of the past, a phenomenon that we will tell our grandchildren about.

III. 主题如何扩展

文章开篇后，就要深入主题，详细讨论。

常见的文章展开段落有以下几种方法：

举例法

因果关系法

比较对照法

时间顺序法

1.举例法

名人轶事，个人经历

所举例子具有相关性，讲故事

常见连接词

for example	for instance	that is
suppose	such as	as an example
in this case	a case in point	to illustrate

2.因果关系

原因在前，分写几种结果；或者结果在前，分述几种原因

常见连接词

because	as a result	because of
therefore	due to	since
result from	so that	lead to
thus	in this way	in view of
so that	so	then

3.比较对照

可以讲两事物和起来按异同点讲，也可以先说明一事，再说明另一事。

对比关联词

although	but	in contrast
on the contrary	however	on the other hand
different from	unlike
similarly	both...and	not only...but also
as...as	in fact

IV. 范文写作框架

1.   Introduction

         Topic Sentence

         Development Sentence1

         (Development Sentence 2)

        2. Body

         TS

         DS1

         DS2

         DS3

         ….

        3. Conclusion

        TS

        DS1

Sample essay

           The Problem of Over-population

  One of the greatest problems in the world is the over-population, or population explosion. It is reported that if this explosion continues at the present rate, there may even be no standing space on earth by the end of this century.

  There are many evident causes for such a growth. One of them can be attributed to good health. With the development of medical science, may killer diseases have been conquered and mortality rate is drastically lowered. As a result, the average life expectancy is longer than before. Another reason is that infant mortality has been reduced with better medical care. Thus on the one hand the number of deaths is reduced, on the other hand there is no control on birth. Thus, the population is increasing at a running speed and is threatening the existence of mankind.

  Various measures have been taken to control population. Family planning has contributed a lot to the control of population inChina. Whatever opinions one may have, whatever objections one may raise, to save humanity from self-destruction, family planning is a must.  

提出问题，分析问题，解决问题